An early draft of Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises focused on Brett Ashley, the woman who serves as a love interest to protagonist Jake Barnes and others. The revised manuscript owes much to F. Scott Fitzgerald, who wrote a letter filled with withering criticism of the earlier version, leading Hemingway to edit out much of the original manuscript. That early draft also included something of a manifesto outlining a novel with “greater intellectual and artistic ambitions than Hemingway ever produced,” Ian Crouch declares, over at the New Yorker, where he explores the evolution of the novel.
